This academic study delves into the complexities of national integration and the potential for violent conflict in post-Soviet societies. By examining the contrasting experiences of Estonia and Moldova, it seeks to understand why some newly independent nations in Eastern Europe have successfully maintained social peace while others have been plagued by conflict. The study analyzes the diverse factors that contribute to national integration, including political systems, economic policies, cultural identities, and historical legacies. It explores how these factors have shaped the social fabric of both Estonia and Moldova, leading to very different outcomes in terms of interethnic relations and societal stability. Through a comprehensive analysis of the events leading up to and during the Moldovan Civil War in 1992, the study sheds light on the dynamics of conflict escalation and the devastating consequences of failed integration. By comparing and contrasting the Estonian and Moldovan cases, the study offers valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities associated with building stable and inclusive societies in the post-Soviet era.